2012年7月31日 星期二

Major Depressive Disorder Symptoms


Major depressive disorder also known as major depression or clinical depression, is characterized by a combination of symptoms that interfere with a person's ability to study, work, eat, sleep, and enjoy once-pleasurable activities.

Different people are affected in different ways by major depression. Some people have trouble sleeping, they lose weight, and they generally feel agitated and irritable. Others may sleep and eat too much and continuously feel worthless and guilty. Still others can function reasonably well at work and put on a "happy face" in front of others, while deep down they feel quite depressed and disinterested in life. There is no one way that people look and behave when they have major depression. However, most people will either have depressed mood or a general loss of interest in activities they once enjoyed, or a combination of both. In addition they will have other physical and mental symptoms that may include fatigue, difficulty with concentration and memory, feelings of hopelessness and helplessness, headaches and body aches.

Major Depressive Disorder Symptoms:

1. A deep feeling of sadness, emptiness or becoming extremely anxious

2. Trouble sleeping or excessive sleeping

3. Extreme difficulty concentrating

4. Feelings of hopelessness and helplessness

5. Agitation, restlessness, and irritability

6. Fatigue and lack of energy

7. Etc

Depressive illnesses are highly responsive to treatment. In fact, 80 percent of people with depression report feeling better within a few weeks of starting treatment. There is still some stigma, or reluctance, associated with seeking help for emotional and mental problems, including depression. Unfortunately, feelings of depression often are viewed as a sign of weakness rather than as a signal that something is out of balance. The fact is that people with depression can not simply 'snap out of it' and feel better spontaneously.




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The Common Symptoms of Depression Or Depressive Disorder


The signs and symptoms of depression are unique to each individual; however, the most prevalent symptom is the prolonged feelings of sadness or anxiety. While all of us feel some form of anxiety or depression at different times in our lives, some individuals experience these feelings with a greater intensity and frequency that is often on a daily basis adversely affecting their quality of life.

This type of depression is known as a depressive disorder and is referred to in the medical field as clinical depression or major depression. While there are several types of depressive disorders, they are all serious mental illnesses that require medical evaluation and treatment as they have the potential to be life threatening.

The Emotional Symptoms of a Depressive Disorder

Major depression can have a variety of symptoms that are unique for every individual depending on the severity, frequency and length of time they have occurred. Depression can affect an individual's life in all aspects including relationships, social life, and work. Recognizing these symptoms early on and obtaining a medical or mental health assessment is the key to receiving effective treatment.

The symptoms of major depression include a deep sadness that is persistent along with hopelessness and despair. Other common symptoms include the inability to derive pleasure out of life and a loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyable including hobbies and sexual relations.

Many individuals will also have a sense of guilt and suffer from a low self esteem and have a high level of self-criticism with feelings of helplessness and/or worthlessness along with negative and pessimistic thoughts. Many individuals also have symptoms of restlessness, irritability, anger, and find it difficult to control their temper.

These intense feelings of depression also lead to difficulty with concentration, making decisions or judgments, and can also have an effect on memory. Extreme cases of depression often lead to suicidal thoughts and tendencies with estimates showing that two to nine percent of individuals who suffer from clinical depression will commit suicide.

Depression also Includes Physical Symptoms

Not only does depression affect an individual's emotional state of mind, but there are also many physical symptoms associated with depression. Sleeping difficulties are also part of the symptoms of depression and cause some individuals to have insomnia or oversleep. It is common for people with depression to have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep and they will often wake several times during the night.

Other individuals will sleep for many hours at a time including during day time hours and still have feel tired even chronically fatigued after many hours of sleep. Unhealthy dieting habits are also symptoms of depression and some individuals will overeat while others will experience a loss of appetite.

Physical aches and pains also occur with depression and can include headaches, gastrointestinal problems, and digestive problems. It is estimated that half of individuals who suffer from depression never seek or obtain treatment for their illness. Major depression is a serious illness that will not go away on its own, therefore, when recognizing the symptoms of this disorder it is essential that a medical evaluation is obtained to make a proper diagnosis and receive treatment.




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How to Better Understand the Three Major Eating Disorders


Eating disorders are a severe matter, constantly evolving and affecting more and more people all around the world. The United States have the largest number of overweight individuals, yet the image promoted and preferred by the cultural society validates only the thin and slim. Busy lifestyles and the stressful environments of modern society are also key factors in disordered eating habits, which gradually develop into actual eating disorders.

For the outsiders looking it, eating disorders may seem like an act of will with a mild addiction, somewhat like smoking - bad for your health, but you can quit anytime if you really want to. In fact, things are not quite so simple. Eating disorders are compulsions, and once they occur they don 't just settle in, but take over. Eating disorders affect both the physical and psychological levels, and go far beyond voluntary control. They can severely affect one 's health, and even lead to untimely death. Such disorders have affected an alarming segment of the population, with three main types of eating disorder:

Anorexia

Anorexia is generally the first thing that comes to mind when speaking about eating disorders: the image of a young woman with dark eyes, and with a face and body resembling a skeleton. Actually, anorexia is actually the least prevalent of the three, afflicting 1 in 100 people, but it was the first one to gain public awareness nationwide. Although it is less prevalent than the others, anorexia is the most dangerous eating disorder. The Academy of Eating Disorders has estimated that the risk of death for people with anorexia is 12 times higher than for people without an eating disorder.

People suffering from anorexia are genuinely terrified of becoming fat, and this fear takes over and controls everything they do, in every aspect of their lives. They are no longer able to percept reality as it is, and regardless of their actual weight they are strongly convinced that they are overweight or on the verge of being overweight. As a result, they simply refuse to eat in order to avoid getting fat. The weight loss caused by anorexia can have severe consequences, jeopardizing one 's health and life. Also, anorexic persons may either purge like people suffering from bulimia, or exercise compulsively.

Bulimia

People struggling with bulimia are easily identifiable by recurrent behaviors of bingeing and purging, almost always done in secret. Bulimic persons eat compulsively, consuming large amounts of food at one sitting, sometimes even tens of thousands of calories. Mortified by getting fat, they purge in order to get rid of all those calories. Purging is usually obtained either by vomiting immediately after eating, by overusing laxatives and diuretics, or by exercising excessively.

After such episodes, bulimics feel extremely worthless and ashamed, but strongly convinced that their weight determines their worth, just like anorexics. However, unlike the people suffering from anorexia, bulimics are more likely to also struggle with alcohol or drug abuse, as well as depression. Bulimia affects as many as 3-4 in 100 young women in the United States.

Binge Eating Disorder (BED)

Binge eating disorder is very similar to bulimia, in what regards the feeling of shame and worthlessness. However, unlike bulimics, people affected by BED are not driven towards purging, but alternate between periods of bingeing followed by periods of rigid dieting. In some cases this behavior keeps their weight within normal parameters, but there are also cases when people with BED gain weight or become obese. As many as 3-8 in 100 people in the U.S. suffer from BED, and as many as 40% of them are men, according to a survey in the Annals of Behavioral Medicine, in 1998.

All eating disorders are very dangerous and put your health at high risks, jeopardizing even your life. A normal weight should be obtained through exercise (not excessively), healthy and normal eating habits, and an overall healthy lifestyle, without excesses and abuses. Eating problems continue to affect more and more people all around the world, reaching alarming dimensions.




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2012年7月30日 星期一

Symptoms of the Depressive Disorder


Depressive disorder is a state of low mood and aversion to activity. A depressed person is having feelings of sadness, helplessness and hopelessness. Feeling "depressed" is often similar to feeling "sad", but both clinical depressive disorder and non-clinical depressive disorder can also refer to a conglomeration of more than one feeling.

What are the major symptoms of the depressive disorder?

- Psychological or physiological wear out and loss of vitality

- Feelings of guilt, hopelessness, anxiety, dread, or weakness

- Reduced amount of involvement or joy in all, or almost all, daily activities mostly every day

- Altering appetite and detectable weight loss or gain

- Psychomotor agitation or deceleration almost daily

- Feelings of overwhelming sadness or fear or the apparent inability to experience emotion

- trouble focusing or making decisions or a generalized retardation and obtunding of cognition including memory

- unbalanced sleeping patterns such as excessive sleep or hypersomnia, insomnia, or deprivation of paradoxical sleep

- continual thoughts of death, not just fear of dying, haunting suicide ideation with precise plan, or a particular plan of committing suicide or suicide attempt.

Additional clinical depression symptoms occasionally accounted for but not typically taken into account in diagnosis include:

- Lack of attention to personal hygiene

- Concern of "becoming mad"

- Diminishing self-esteem

- Alteration in perception of time

- Sensitivity to noise

- Physiological pains and achings with the impression that they may constitute signs of grave sickness

The depressive has pervasive and uninterrupted depressive thoughts and conducts. They manifest themselves in every area of life and never pass away. The patient is gloomy, dejected, pessimistic, overly serious, lacks a sense of humor, cheerless, joyless, and constantly unhappy. This dark mood is not influenced by changing circumstances.

His self-image is distorted: he appreciates himself to be un-needed, incapable, a failure. His sense of self-worth and his dignity are invariably and unrealistically low. This borders on self-disgust and self-denial. The Depressive corrects himself unnecessarily. His interior dialog (occasionally spoken) is derogatory towards himself, blaming and self-critical. Freud called this inner judge the Superego. The Depressive's Superego is sadistic, grim, relentless, self-denigrating, and, ultimate hatefully suicidal. Dimly aware of this semi-suicidal streak, Depressives are by nature anxious and inclined towards excessive worrying and pondering.

The Depressive extends this leaning to humiliate and punish to his closest and beloved. His masochism is complemented by equally exigent sadism. He's negativistic, passive-aggressive, discriminative, faultfinding, and correctional towards other people. Such repeated outbursts are accompanied by feelings of remorse and guilt, frequently coupled with maudlin and flat apologies.

It seems that the Depressive fails to shift perspectives, focusing almost always on the "what is", never even giving a chance to "what could be". He is lost in the past, wandering through a forest of self-failures with the Superego as his only companion. Trying to cope with his failures, the depressive often chooses to view the dark side of those around him, judging and blaming like there`s no tomorrow, continuing to fail to see the beauty in the world, thus feeding his inner sadness further.




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Six Common Types of the Depressive Disorder


Generally speaking, there are quite many types of the depressive disorder, ranging from moderate to severe and most of us have experienced one kind or another at various points in our lives. The most common types of this disorder include:

1. Dysthymic Disorder - This condition is a chronic long-lasting form of depression showing many similarities with the major depressive disorder (in the form of the melancholic depression). As one of the two popular forms of clinical depression, it usually has fewer or less serious symptoms than the major depressive disorder but people suffering from this type of depression have a greater-than-average chance of developing MDD.

2. Major Depressive Disorder (clinical depression, major depression, unipolar depression, or unipolar disorder) - People suffering from major depression often report experiencing an all-encompassing low mood accompanied by low self-esteem, which permeates all facets of life, and an inability to experience pleasure in activities that were once enjoyed. Major depressive disorder is a grave illness that impacts an individual's family and personal relationships, work or school life, sleeping and eating habits, and general health. Its touch on functioning and wellbeing has been equated to that of chronic medical conditions such as diabetes. Depressed people may be preoccupied with, thoughts and feelings of worthlessness, improper guilt or regret, helplessness, hopelessness, and self-disgust. In severe cases, depressed people may have symptoms of psychosis. These symptoms include delusions or, less commonly, hallucinations, usually of an unpleasant nature. Other symptoms of depression include poor concentration and memory, detachment from social situations and activities, reduced sex drive, and thoughts of death or suicide. Insomnia is common among the depressed. Hypersomnia, or oversleeping, can also happen. Appetite often decreases, with resulting weight loss, although increased appetite and weight gain occasionally occur.

3. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), also known as winter depression or winter blues, is a mood disorder in which individuals who have normal mental health throughout most of the year go through depressive symptoms in the winter or, less often, in the summertime, spring or fall, repeatedly, year after year. Those who experience SAD pass through a depressed mood, somnolence, gain in weight and a craving for sugars during wintertime. SAD is not a singular mood disorder, but is "a specifier of major depressive disorder". There are many distinct treatments for standard (winter-based) seasonal affective disorder, including light therapy with sunlight or bright lights, antidepressant drug medication, cognitive-behavioral therapy, ionized-air therapy, and carefully timed administration of the hormone melatonin.

4. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a condition indicating serious premenstrual distress with assorted impairment in normal functioning. PMDD is defined by depressed or unstable mood, anxiety, irritability, anger, and additional symptoms taking place solely during the 2 weeks preceding menstruum. Many women go through some of these symptoms in variable degrees, but those who are diagnosed with PDD experience rather severe symptoms.

5. Bipolar disorder (bipolar affective disorder or manic depression) is a condition that depicts a category of mood disorders defined by the presence of one or more sequences of abnormally raised energy levels, cognition, and temper. These moods are typically referred to as mania or, if lighter, hypomania. People who go through manic episodes also usually experience depressive episodes or symptoms, or merged episodes in which facets of both manic disorder and depressive disorder are present at the same time. These episodes are commonly divided by periods of normal mood, but in some individuals, depressive disorder and manic disorder may rapidly take turns, acknowledged as rapid cycling. Intense manic episodes can occasionally lead to psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations.

6. Postpartum depressive disorder (postnatal depressive disorder) - This type of the clinical depression, usually known as the "baby blues", occurs in mothers who have recently given birth. Among men, especially in new fathers, the relative incidence of postnatal depressive disorder has been approximated to be between 1% and 25%. Postnatal depressive disorder occurs in women after they have carried a baby, typically in the first couple of months. Symptoms include sorrow, tiredness, insomnia, lowered libido, weeping episodes, anxiety, and bad temper. It's occasionally presumed that postpartum depressive disorder is caused by a deficiency in vitamins, but reports tend to show that more likely causes are the substantial changes in a woman's hormones during pregnancy. Then again, studies show that hormonal treatment has not helped postnatal depressive disorder victims. Many women convalesce due to requesting help from a support group or professional counseling.

These forms of the depressive disorder may carry many aspects that address each individual in a certain unique way and may also get worse over time if they are not given the proper amount of importance. If you think you are going through one of these types of the depressive disorder mentioned above you should also consider seeking professional medical advice as early on in order to recenter yourself and avoid such a terrible condition.

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Anxiety and Depression Disorders - How Do They Differ?


The terms anxiety and depression disorders are often used interchangeably by many, but in reality they are quite different. For those suffering from anxiety, depression or both it is important for them to understand the distinctions because such an understanding will aid in their recovery.

Depression is marked by overwhelming feelings of sorrow and unhappiness. Those suffering from depression may feel powerless to confront life issues, be discouraged about their future prospects and are consistently ill-tempered toward the people in their lives. They may have a variety of symptoms ranging from loss of appetite, to altered sleep patterns (too much or little sleep), to lack of interest in former hobbies or interests to a pervasive sense of exhaustion.

On the other hand, someone suffering from anxiety will be fearful or panicky in places or circumstances where a normal person would not have similar feelings. To compound these issues, their bouts with fear and panic will quite often begin to surface for no apparent reason. Therefore, they will begin to avoid any situation they think might start an attack which, more than likely, will cause them to significantly adjust their lifestyle.

People with mild to moderate anxiety might be able to adjust their lifestyle so they can lead somewhat normal lives. For example, if a person encounters extreme anxiety when asked to give a speech or ride in an elevator they can seek to avoid those situations and seemingly gain control over their anxiety and their lives.

A person suffering from depression, however, will probably not find it as easy to avoid their symptoms. Their dispirited feelings are pervasive, prevalent and non-ending. Even great news or pleasant happenings will not help them overcome their feelings. It will be more difficult for them to hide their feelings from family and friends. Generally, depression is considered more challenging to resolve than anxiety and panic issues because the process takes longer and their treatment is more complicated.

Anxiety will often start to accompany depression. Likewise, a person suffering from anxiety will many times feel depressed. That's why the terms are often interchanged and misunderstood. Clinical studies have shown a vast majority of people who have been diagnosed with major depression also will have some type of panic or anxiety disorder.

Unfortunately, when panic, anxiety and depression co-exist they present quite a challenge for the medical community. When symptoms of each are involved they seem to feed off each other and the combination makes the individual condition worse than if it was experienced on its own.

At its worse, depression experienced with anxiety will lead to significantly higher suicide rates than if a person was just suffering from depression by itself.

Therefore, if a person is suffering from an anxiety or depression disorder it is very important for them to seek to resolve their issues early before they have the opportunity to morph into a combination of conditions that will be even more difficult to treat and resolve. People with depression are specifically more prone to rationalize their symptoms and attribute their feelings to other issues and avoid treatment options.

So, whether it is depression or anxiety and panic issues, it is important to address them as soon as possible to avoid more extensive and complicated problems.




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Anxiety and Depression Disorder - What You Can Do to Break Free From the Negative Emotions


For many people, depression and anxiety go hand-in-hand, meaning that they suffer from both disorders. This can make overcoming the problems all the more difficult. If you suffer from anxiety and depression disorder, then you will most definitely want to find ways to cure the problem.

The problem with the two disorders combined is that the depression can lead to a lethargy that makes you not want to do anything to get past your problems. The negative thoughts that come along with depression can amplify the problems with anxiety, making panic attacks all the worse.

If you are suffering from anxiety and depression disorder, you may feel that you have no hope. However, you can break free from the negative emotions. There is one major action that you can take along with a few small changes. All of these will greatly impact your disorders.

The first thing you need to do is exercise and workout regularly on a set schedule. You may be wondering how exercise is going to do anything about your problems. Here is some proof that it can be a great help:

When you exercise, especially if you do cardiovascular workouts, your body sends endorphins into the bloodstream. These chemicals help your body become more relaxed. They also relax muscles and nerves. In this way, exercise can greatly help your anxiety and depression disorder.
Besides the physical help, the exercise can be of benefit in other ways. The workout will help you focus on something other than your problems. You will find yourself absorbed in your workout instead of thinking about your fears and your anxiety. In addition, the exercise may help you get out of the house, even if it is just a walk around the block, so that you can get fresh air and maybe speak to a few people.

Other things that you can do to alleviate your anxiety and depression disorder include working on one thing at a time in small steps. You can make a point to involve yourself with relaxation techniques, like deep breathing or yoga.

You can also consult a professional who may be able to help you with the depression side of your disorder. The key is to know that there is help. You are not hopeless. As long as you can remember that, you will be able to overcome your problems and get past both the depression and the anxiety.




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2012年7月29日 星期日

Depressive Disorders 101


We often hear the term "Depression" as it's frequently used to describe a mood or emotion. The joyless sadness of depression hardly needs description, so common is its part in the human condition. In technical terms it is described as a symptom of a syndrome or psychological disorder and only the duration separates the mood from the symptom. When this feeling of depression is present consistently for long periods of time it is considered a symptom of a depressive disorder.

There is a long tradition of categorizing depression into types, and there are a number of diagnostic schemes currently in use. The DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual) has long been the predominant diagnostic framework used by psychologists and psychiatrists in North America now for several decades.

Major Depression

This is what people have in mind when referring to "clinical depression." When the symptoms of depression are present and significant for most of the day, at least, and for a minimum of 2 weeks, they may have a Major Depression. This category of depression is further divided into Major Depressive Disorder Single Episode and Recurrent subtypes.

Dysthymia

This is a generally milder, but more enduring type of depression. While Sufferers may not exhibit their symptoms every day, but rather on most days for a period of at least two years.

Bipolar Disorder

Formerly known as Manic Depression, in Bipolar disorder, individuals either alternate depressive lows with manic or hypomanic up-swings, or experience a so-called "mixed mood states" where they exhibit features of depression and mania at the same time.

Adjustment Disorder with Depressed Mood

Formerly recognized as "reactive depression," this is a depressive response to a life stress that is more severe than expected for the type of stress experienced.

Seasonal Affective Disorder

Often discussed in the media as if it is a unique disorder, this is a variation of either depression or bipolar disorder where the episodes coincide with seasonal changes.

Psychotic Depression

This is a variation of Major Depression where, with increased severity, psychotic symptoms (e.g., hallucinations, delusions) are exhibited.

Post-Partum Depression

Another variation of Major Depression that is precipitated by childbirth in women. While not usually applied to men, a post-partum reaction among new fathers might be better accounted for as an adjustment disorder, or understood in terms of "separation anxiety."

While some are less affected by depression others may suffer greatly. We hope this article provided some insight about various disorders and if do suffer from any of these don't hesitate to a qualified professional for assistance.




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Major Depression; Signs, Symptoms and Treatment


Major depression also referred to as major depressive disorder is when five or more symptoms of the condition are present for at least two weeks. These signs and symptoms include irritability, restlessness, agitation and significant change in appetite often with weight loss or gain. Other symptoms include fatigue and lack of energy, difficulties in concentrating as well as feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness and guilt. Trouble falling asleep or excessive sleeping, inactivity and withdrawal from activities that you once enjoyed are other indicators. Another symptom is thoughts of death and suicide.

This condition is diagnosed when you report having five or more of the above symptoms for at least two weeks. The exact causes of major depression are unknown but researchers believe that it is caused by chemical imbalances in the brain which may be hereditary or caused by certain events in your life. Stressful events can trigger this condition but normally it is a combination of factors. This illness affects men and women of all ages and races.

Medications and counseling are the main types of treatment for this disorder. Often, a combination of these two treatments is used. Studies have shown that when antidepressants are combined with psychotherapy, they are more effective than when only one is used.

Electroconvulsive therapy or ECT is another treatment for major depression. It is used when you have failed to respond to medications and psychotherapy. This treatment causes a seizure by means of an electrical current. It is used to improve the mood of severely depressed or suicidal people.




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Depression - What Do You Know About Depression Disorder?


I was diagnosed with depression disorder before I turned 21 years of age and I have been struggling to cope with it for almost a decade. The first few years I did not read about it a lot. Lately I have realized that I need to know more about this increasingly common disorder if I want to find ways of overcoming my depression disorder.

What is depression? There is more than one answer to this question. Let us look at the medical causes of depression. This is usually described as originating from a chemical imbalance in the brain. Low serotonin and norepinephrine levels are usually present in the brains of depressed people. This is the basis for prescribing drug therapies. Antidepressants are prescribed by doctors in order to correct the imbalance of vital neurotransmitters in the brain of a patient.

I have been on and off antidepressants for close to a decade now and the results have been neither here nor there. I seem to be one of the estimated 60 percent of people which report that antidepressants have little or no positive effect on lifting their depression successfully. That is why I decided to research other possible depression treatments for myself.

Some people believe that psychotherapy is more effective in the long run than depression medication. They view chemical imbalances not as the cause of depression, but rather treat it as a symptom of the disorder. I happen to agree that this is a much more logical approach.

Prolonged periods of constant stress and worry have also been indicated as a probable cause of depression. This leads to increasing levels of stress hormones being released in your body which is not healthy for extended periods of time. This can cause you to become even more stressed. After months of being stressed out constantly you become exhausted and struggle to get out of bed in the morning and do your daily work.

There are a few types of depression that may differ from each other in some unique way. Clinical or major depression is the most common type which is a state of despair that disrupts your daily functioning and activities in a major way. Manic depression, or bipolar disorder as it is now commonly called, is marked by huge mood swings between euphoria and despair on a daily, weekly or monthly basis. It is a disorder of extreme opposites. Seasonal adjustment disorder or SAD is experienced in the winter season by some people and is somehow connected with the cold and gloomy weather. Postnatal or postpartum depression may be experienced by a mother weeks or even months after childbirth.

The symptoms of depression may vary from individual to individual, but some of the common physical and psychological symptoms may be described below.

* Daily feelings of sadness and emptiness.

* Loss of enthusiasm for activities you used to enjoy.

* Unexplained weight loss or weight gain.

* Sleep disorders such as sleeping too little or too much.

* Daily exhaustion and general loss of energy.

* Frequently feeling that you are worth nothing to nobody.

* Struggling to concentrate or think straight on a daily basis.

* Obsessive thinking about committing suicide or planning suicide.

It is important that a doctor or psychiatrist review these symptoms in order to diagnose depression disorder. Other causes of depression that must not be overlooked are substance abuse and hypothyroidism.

Antidepressant medication may be prescribed by your doctor and your condition is then monitored on a weekly basis. You may also be referred to a psychologist or pastoral therapist for therapy. Other treatments for depression that are less common are relaxation therapy, regular exercise and self hypnosis.

The conclusion is that you have to find the approach that works the best for lifting your depression symptoms. This may take months or even years. Search, and with the right attitude, you may find.




Copyright 2008 - Dan Theron. All Rights Reserved Worldwide. Reprint Rights: You may reprint this article as long as you leave all of the links active, do not edit the article in any way, give author name credit and follow all of the EzineArticles terms of service for Publishers.

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2012年7月28日 星期六

The Difference Between Major Depression and Minor Depression


Broadly depression can be classified in two categories:

Major depression:

Major depression is one of the most serious forms of depression. It is also referred to as clinical  or unipolar depression. Some Clinicians call it major depressive disorder. It is not an illness since it can be treated very easily once diagnosed. Major disorder can be cured even at the severe stage with the help of good care and medication.

Major disorder means a prolonged feeling of sadness. Sufferer doesn't show interest in any activity or pass time. Loss of appetite, loss in weight, hopelessness, lack of concentration, low self esteem and isolation are the common symptoms of this disease. The negative feelings are very common in the patient suffering from major depression. Patient is always occupied with thoughts of suicide. A person with this type of depression needs good care and attention as he can harm himself anytime. This type of disorder is not short term, it lasts for years.

Minor depression:

This type of depression is just contrary to the major depression. Minor depression means ordinary sadness which doesn't need any medication. A person himself can cure it by taking action. He has no need to be dependent on drugs and doctors. In the cases of major depression people need drugs. But mild one can be cured by being active and creative. People take prescription drugs and then lay dormant. Only drugs can not remove depression. If you have minor depression, you are suggested to take some actions like - read good books, see nature, call friends or relatives and listen to good music.




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Snoring Is a Major Breathing Disorder


Statistics show that snoring is a symptom of a major breathing disorder that can lead to more serious medical conditions like sleep apnea or other health risks. Most people exhibit snoring at various times in their lives but it does not become a serious problem to all. And the frequency of occurrences varies as well. Some people start experiencing snoring in childhood because their tonsils or adenoids are enlarged and causing their air passages to close up thereby resulting in snoring. Often if it becomes serious enough it will lead to surgery to remove those organs. This usually corrects the problem and they might not suffer further from it or it might just be alleviated so that it is not as serious. The people who have the most frequent serious snoring problems include the following:

Men and women over the age of fifty
Post menopausal women
People who work alternative shifts, i.e., night shift or four day work weeks
People under a lot of stress or are depressed
Alcoholics
Adults who suffer from serious sleep apnea and have a tendency to fall asleep during the day and in inappropriate places like work or church

Research has shown that only ten percent of men and five percent of women snore at 30 years of age but those figures alter dramatically as they approach the age of sixty and above. The figures then change to sixty percent of men and forty percent of women who suffer from snoring or more serious sleep apnea. Snoring leads to more serious health problems like irregular heartbeat or arrhythmia or high blood pressure leading to heart attacks. Obstruction of the tongue in the air passageway which causes snoring can also cause death if the tongue completely covers the passage. It is therefore imperative that if you snore you should seek assistance from a physician to determine the extent of the problem.




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Depressive Disorders


The term depression is often used to refer to any of the many depressive disorders. The exact causes of these conditions are unknown but probable causes include heredity, changes in neurotransmitter levels, altered neuroendocrine function as well as changes in psychosocial factors. Depression is a mental disorder that is characterized by a negative sense of inadequacy and altered moods. It is a state of mind in which you experience sad feelings of gloom and pessimistic thinking. You will also have a low self-esteem as well as low self-reproach. When you are depressed, you feel down, low and hopeless. This condition can occur at any age but normally it develops in the mid teens, 20s or 30s.

There are several depressive disorders. Major depression normally makes you uninterested in activities that you previously enjoyed. It can lead to loss of appetite and weight. It will make you feel hopeless. Atypical depression is when you sometimes experience happiness and moments of elation. Other symptoms are oversleeping, fatigue, weight gain and overreacting to issues. When you have this disorder, you will be under the believe that outside events control your moods.

Psychotic depression is when you start to hear and see imaginary things. These things may include sounds, voices and visuals that are nonexistent. You will start imagining and frightening and negative images. These are also referred to as hallucinations which are normally common with persons suffering from schizophrenia.

Dysthymia is another depressive disorder. It is when you go through life feeling unimportant and dissatisfied. You will always be sad and frightened. Manic or bipolar disorder is characterized by altered mood swings ranging from depression to mania. People who suffer from this condition have an extremely high rate of committing suicide.




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2012年7月27日 星期五

Revealed - What is Manic Depressive Disorder-Bipolar Disorder?


Manic depressive disorder, more properly called bipolar disorder, is one of several conditions referred to as depressive disorders. These affect the functioning of the brain, and can cause emotional and mental distress. They're extremely common, and more than seventeen million adults in the United States - or about one in seven people - has one of these disorders. Fortunately, manic depressive illness can be treated effectively, with and without drugs. While many people use drugs to help them cope with their manic periods and their depression, there are many side effects to these drugs, and other people choose to manage their symptoms through other means.

There are multiple different types of bipolar disorder - bipolar I, bipolar II, cyclothymia and a type of bipolar disorder that doesn't fall into those categories. This kind of categorization helps mental health professionals see which way the symptoms are manifesting in a particular person and help them get the treatment that's right for them. This kind of disorder affects just about everyone, men and women alike, and usually turns up in adolescents, though children can also suffer from it. The first diagnosis is usually in people in their early twenties, however.

The reason that manic depressive kids and teenagers aren't always successfully diagnosed is that they respond to the disorder differently. They may have extremely rapid mood changes, anxiety, and irritability, but they don't always have the other symptoms. Thinking, feeling, and behavior are all affected, making it hard for sufferers to understand their condition. Other people may believe that sufferers are behaving the way they do on purpose and can stop it easily. However, this is a legitimate illness, not a character flaw or a sign of immaturity or weakness. Just like any other disorder, it needs to be treated carefully.

Symptoms of manic depressive illness include episodes of depression and mania, often called highs and lows. These are intense, and can be severe mood swings. People with mania may speak and think very quickly, feel energetic, need less sleep, be extremely happy or overly optimistic, and have greater levels of physical activity. They can also have poor judgment, be irritable or aggressive, suffer from impatience or concentration programs, be overly self important and engage in reckless behavior.

In a phase of depression, people often lose interest in their usual activities, be irritable or sad, feel tired, guilty, worthless or unable to be happy, sleep too much or be insomniac, have concentration programs, lose their appetite or overeat, and suffer from high levels of anxiety and regular thoughts of death. Generally in adults, these episodes last weeks to months, and are shorter in children and teenagers. Oscillations throughout the day are not uncommon. Some episodes are also seasonal. Normal or near normal functioning between episodes occurs for some people, but not for others.

Treatments for manic depressive symptoms that are not medication based include reduction in stress, a good diet, and a good sleep schedule. Regular exercise and a support network can also really help, as can counseling and behavioral changes. It is possible to live happily with bipolar disorder, but it's not easy, and anyone suffering from this problem should get help as quickly as possible.




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Is Depression a Real Issue? A Look at Depressive Disorder


1. Is it true-to-life?

If you think a state of depression is not a wide spread state of affairs in individuals, think again! When somebody is suffering from a major state of depression she or he feels some difficulty in executing normal bodily routines.

Wide spread signs of a major state of depression (or clinical depression) are a continuing all-encompassing low mood and loss of interest in activities that an individual normally enjoys. When somebody is irritable, angry and continuously sad it means he or she is blue. You may find that communication with individuals, sleeping and eating are problematic.

2. Cases of depressive disorders

A state of depression can be less severe but long-lasting ( more than two years) as compared to a superior depression, a state of affairs recognized as dysthymia. If your stamina level is high it may be hard for persons to notice this case of depression, since you may look natural from outside. It is possible for an individual with dysthemia to experience some intermittent bouts of a major state of depression, a phenomenon known as double-depressive disorder.

Sometimes a profound depressive illness similar to psychotic depression state is accompanied by some form of psychosis, like a break with reality, delusions and hallucinations. Seasonal differences are known to cause mood swings. During winter months some people suffer from a form of depressive disorder due to inadequacy of sunlight which is called seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Happiness and friendliness are demonstrated during the summer by individuals who have SAD because light from the sun is plenty.

Though uncommon, bipolar depression is characterized by mood sways from an exceedingly high maniac-disease to an extremely low depressive state of affairs. The other type of bipolar disorder, recognized as bipolar II, is when a person will have a repetition of depressive periods disrupted by mini-highs known as hypomania.

3. There are several reasons of depressive disorder

Particular cases of depression are linked to genetic elements. Link between unique gene blueprints and bipolar state of depression is now well appreciated. The disorder becomes prominent due to the stressful environment-related factors which tend to strengthen the state of affairs. The way persons react differently to pressure and stress hinges on their genetic patterns and there are cases of persons who are resilient to extreme environment-related factors.

Many surrounding conditions play a leading function in triggering depressive disorder. A A state of depression may occur due to a bad relationship, troubles with money or after losing a person close. Usually it is a combination of environmental factors, psychological and genetic elements which develop a state of depression.

It is also recognized that imbalances of unique neurochemicals in certain areas of the brain tissue also cause some form of addictive depressive disorders. Persons who take drug-related substances and alcohol produce an addictive situation which then implies that they have to depend on these substances to stave off a depressive state of affairs. Alcoholic Drink and drugs, as a result of habituation, somehow act as anti-depressants.

4. How to thwart a state of depression

There are various effective means which can be used to treat depressive disorder which include electric shock medicine, antidepressant medicines and psychotherapy. It is important to know that merely talking to or associating with persons can aid ease a state of depression. Regular workouts and sports-like activities can also aid in keeping the mind off depressive thoughts. You can reduce depressive situations by visiting countries of interest or any place away from home.




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Major Depression - Natural Cures Work Much Better Than Drugs


Major depression will put its heavy hand on one quarter of the U.S. population at some point in their lives. There is a reason for this, and it is not genetic nor is it a Prozac deficiency.

To put it plainly, it is the result of the crazy way Americans, in particular, eat and live. After decades of trying to solve the growing epidemic of depression by years of psychiatric counseling, electro-shock therapy, and many different drugs, one bright doctor of psychology has recognized the "elephant in the room" that is causing the disturbance.

This university professor with a clinical practice is the one who has pointed out for us that "our bodies were never designed for the sleep-deprived, poorly nourished, frenzied pace of twenty-first century life". He learned this from observing the absence of depression among aboriginal groups like the Kaluli of Papua New Guinea.

He has placed his proven prescription for treating depression in a clearly written, insightful book.

I have noticed the same factors that cause depression reappearing time and again as causes for the many lifestyle diseases that have killed off my immediate family and many contemporaries. And yet, most medical research seems far more fascinated in looking for ways to change the human genome, our internal chemistry, and our behavior to suit the demands of our impossibly frantic, malnourished lifestyle.

Undaunted by the fact of only a twenty-three percent cure rate for depression after taking any of the commonly prescribed drugs for the purpose, the pharmaceutical industry studiously ignores insights like those of those of this doctor. Could it be that there isn't the massive profit in correcting our toxic diet and lifestyle, compared to selling us a monthly drug regimen for life?

It doesn't seem to matter to the pharmaceutical industry or the FDA that every company drug study of antidepressants from 1987 through 1999 showed that "in 56% of these studies, depressed patients taking an antidepressant drug fared no better than those who took a placebo".

In Many Cases, The Side-Effects Can Be Worse Than The Disease

I have occasionally suffered brief periods of depression, but I have always chosen to steer away from the prescription drugs that are offered. (I saw, first-hand, what they did to my mother.) It has been difficult, but instructive, to find my own way out of infrequent and unpredictable bouts with this disorder.

Finding this doctor's book and its revelation that our diet and sedentary lifestyle are at the root of our problem is a welcome discovery that confirms and greatly adds to what I have learned on my own.

It is ironic how tenaciously most Americans cling to their flawed diet and lifestyle rather than do what they will freely admit they should do. It's just not convenient, they may say.

That's true, but neither is it convenient to have a heart attack on the way to work. I have found it easier to do what is necessary to correct the root causes of our problems so we can move on with our lives.

Waking up with a major depressive disorder weighing on your soul is also inconvenient, but the good news is that it is not that hard to make a few simple changes in the way we eat and live to remedy this, without the expense and side-effects of pharmaceutical drugs.




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What is Depressive Disorders?


All people receives the blues most of the time. No one will be happy, joy all of the time except if they are on drugs. If you are like most men and women, you have have times exactly where you have felt depressed. You may feel a little weepy or feel sorry for personally. This can be related to help an incident the fact has occured in your life or pertaining to no unique motive. Some state that we get depressed because of the weather. There is actually even a mental disorder called Seasonal Affective Disorder of which is actually supposed to be induced by deficiency of light.

Depression is tough to determine. It can be several items for different people. A person with a negative individuality, for instance, might seem to be depressing a lot more than a person who is actually constantly positive. This is why it throws you for a loop any time the particular individual who is constantly positive leaps off a bridge and the particular person that is always negative is actually still around. Depression is not always easy to spot and is different for each individual.

Clinical Depression is a severe illness. People who are clinically, severely depressed usually try to commit suicide at one point in their lives, often they succeed. They find it difficult to keep jobs or relationships. They tend to look at the glass half empty, which is an old cliche but rings true with those who suffer from depression.

People who tend to be severely depressed for long period of time are diagnosed with clinical depression. This kind of is one of the particular major reasons precisely why numerous people are handicapped within the United States. Back pain and clinical depression claim most of the disability claims in the US each year.

A person which is clinically depressed are not able to snap out of it. It can easily be aggravating for loved ones to observe a person in this condition as the normal behavioral instinct is to shake them and tell them to snap out of it. We tell these folks just how grateful they should be with regard to almost everything that they have and point to people who have it far more painful. We all may as well be discussing to a wall. The clinically depressed person cannot just make a decision to not be depressed one day. They realize that generally there are others far more serious off than them, but it won't make them really feel any better. This kind of treatment that is often given to the depressed can do more harm than good. It makes the person who will be battling from depression feel as though he or she is being self indulgent.

A number of people take it a step farther and accuse the depressed person of seeking attention. This kind of is also dangerous to the psyche of a depressed person, specially mainly because major depression is so closely related to self esteem troubles.

Depression comes in many different types for each person. It may most probably manifest itself by making a person who suffers from this ailment fatigued as well as not interested in doing every day things. The person who suffers from depression may not like to do something. These people may well sleep too much or not at all. They may feel furious and lash out at people a lot of the time. These people may also feel angry with themselves.

Within some cases, a particular person will certainly go through the movements of their every day life without no joy. They seem virtually like an empty shell. These people look for any sort of alleviation from this state that they can get, which is one reason why so many individuals abuse drugs and alcohol.

A person could or might not realize that someone is suffering from depressive disorder. A person may look listless and not have got any energy or that they may put on a actually good front. Two sad circumstances of people who had depression are Marilyn and Jimmy.

Everybody used to call Marilyn The Grim Reaper. She was often dark and sultry. She used to talk about death a lot of the time and additionally drank to excess. She travelled from medical doctor to doctor to try to find help for her depression.

Marilyn used to say that depression had been like a dark cloud that followed her around. If you understood Marilyn, you could nearly see the cloud. She walked slumped over and never seemed happy. Even after she began seeing the doctor for severe depression, she still never seemed to spruce up.

Marilyn's family explained that she had been depressed most of her life. Coincidentally, Marilyn's mother had committed suicide when Marilyn was a little girl. Seemingly, her mother was also clinically and severely depressed.

When she was 30 years old, Marilyn took an overdose of barbiturates that had recently been prescribed regarding anxiety and washed them down with whiskey. A good friend discovered her body the next day after telephone calls went un-answered. Not one of her friends or family was that amazed that Marilyn killed herself. She didn't even leave a note.

Jimmy was one of the most well-liked kids in high school. He had been a

gifted sportsperson who had a full scholarship to his dream college. This individual had a ton of friends in college and a girl who he also liked. Just about all his life, things looked to appear easy to Jimmy. He exceeded at sports which made him well liked all through his education career. It furthermore made his parents very proud of him.

Jimmy's mother and father had just gotten divorced after a long and strained matrimony. Jimmy and his sister were both upset concerning the divorce and missed their father who had relocated out of the family house. However Jimmy seemed satisfied on his last day of school, the actual day before high school graduation.

Looking back upon that day, most of his close friends realized that they had been left clues. These people just didn't pick up on them. That day, when Jimmy went home, he parked his vehicle in the car port and left it running while closing the garage door. His sister was at a friend's house. Jimmy knew she was going to be gone and that his mom had been at work. He knew no one would find him until it was too late and he was right.

Jimmy left a note. It told his parents that he had been depressed for some time and that his suicide had absolutely nothing to do together with the divorce. He thought that he had had a very good life and, at the age of seventeen, felt that it was time for him to move on.

This news of the suicide devastated Jimmy's family as well as his friends. The whole school seemed to be affected. Hundreds and hundreds of people went to the wake where his stunned parents sat in disbelief. His sister, who found his body, was also there. The complete family was in shock as was

the school. No one saw it coming.

The sad thing was that Jimmy's school as counselors. They have instructional classes and seminars about depression. They have professors that are taught how to look for the actual signs. The kids have admittance to counseling whenever they want it. Jimmy was the fifth student to kill himself in the previous four years at the school.

Depressive disorder is not always evident. Presently there are people who walk around like Marilyn all of the time however have no purpose of ever killing themselves. There are individuals who appear to have every thing going for them and then suddenly perform something drastic, like Jimmy. You can by no means tell.

Simply the particular person who is experiencing depression can aid themselves. Parents of a person who is depressed can take them to the doctor as well as the doctor may even prescribe medication, but if the young person will not take the medication, or, when they reach a certain age, refuse to take the pills, they cannot be helped. They may even, like Jimmy, understand that there is actually a lot of attention inserted on depression and decide to conceal it so that no one finds out.

Contrary to exactly what you may think, not necessarily everyone who suffers from depression has suicidal thoughts. Many just have got thoughts of emptiness and despair. They do not want to die but don't' want to live, either. They may well try to obtain help for them selves, like Marilyn, or may deny that there is anything wrong at all with them, like Jimmy.

In short, depression has many different forms and takes on a diverse

meaning for each individual. No one is certain why some people suffer from chronic depression and other people do not. The majority of of us, nevertheless, at one occasion in our lives, will certainly deal with depression of some type.

How you deal with depressive disorders is up to you. Hopefully, the more you recognize that this is an sickness which can be treated simply by a number of different ways, you will try to combat the depression and not give within to the dark emotions that may well overpower you.




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2012年7月26日 星期四

Anxiety and Depression Disorders - Information on the Symptoms and the Type of Help That is Required


Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers, Bonnie and Clyde, and peanut butter and jelly all have one thing in common. They go together very well, but so does the well-known duo of anxiety and depression. You can scarcely say one without thinking of the other. Anxiety and depression disorders combine to form the largest group of mental concerns in the world.

Anxiety disorders alone are believed to affect 18% or more Americans. These disorders create often debilitating and chronic problems. There is no set way for the anxiety syndrome to begin. Many people seem to be born with the disorder because it surfaces at such an early period of their lives.

Some people have no major anxiety problems until they are well into adulthood. The beginning of this type of disorder comes following an event that triggers the onset, but it is not always realized at the time by the person affected.

With an anxiety disorder, a person will experience headaches, fatigue, muscle spasms, rapid heart beat, hypertension, and other negative situations within the body. The stress that creates these symptoms may appear quickly with little or no warning. Depending on how troubled an individual is, the condition might make normal thought processes impossible.

Although they are two different disorders, clinical depression and anxiety disorders may occur at the same time, giving the indication of one abnormality. Approximately 60% of people with anxiety disorders also have depression. The same triggers that cause anxiety symptoms cause signs of depression, also, so that one seldom appears without the other.

All relevant studies indicate that anyone with a family history of anxiety disorders is more likely to have some type of disorder himself/herself. In almost every anxiety case, either the immediate family or other close relatives suffer, or have suffered, with a similar condition. Whether it is learned or caused by a chemical imbalance, there is little doubt that certain people are more prone to be plagued with this malady.

The scientific community is not in complete agreement about treatments for anxiety and depression. Some portion of the scientific community believes treatment should be a combination of therapy and medication, while others say that medications should not be used whatsoever. Most definitely, the use of medications by anyone who suffers from depression is a risky endeavor.

If a victim has a dependency problem, the use of medications may be a poor choice. It is important for the caregiver to look carefully at options and not hastily decide on a direction of treatment. A method of treatment by utilizing the combined opinions of the client's analyst, physician, and family is a safe way to avoid mistakes that may make a bad situation worse.

Anxiety and depression disorders present a challenge for treatment, each on its own. Together, they produce serious difficulties to resolve. As with any problem of this severity, a person is not equipped with the tools to treat themselves. As always, if you know someone with this type of condition, persuade him or her to seek professional help. That is the first step toward relief.




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What You Need to Know About Major Depressive Disorder


A surprising number of people suffer from mood disorders, including major depressive disorders, but a lot of people don't seek help. They either don't realize that they're depressed, think that others will look down on them if they admit their depression, or they simply can't manage to get help because of the symptoms they're suffering. After all, many of the symptoms associated with major depressive disorder make it hard to get through the day, much less manage to get through the mental health system. Sometimes, depression sufferers are also misdiagnosed as having physical illnesses, rather than emotional and mental issues.

There are a number of causes for depression, which can be caused by stressful situations, major traumatic events, chemical imbalances in the brain, or other problems. It may be related to genetic makeup, since people who are depressed also tend to have family members who are depressed, even if these people are not in contact. No matter what its cause, depression causes significant emotional pain and is a disruption to many people's lives. It affects their friends and family, makes them less productive at work and more likely to call in sick or even lose their jobs, and it can cause many other problems, as well.

To be listed as someone suffering from major depressive disorder, at least five symptoms from the following list have to have been present during a two week period. They must represent a change from earlier functioning. People with fewer symptoms or those who haven't had a change may still be depressed or suffering from a mood disorder, but that disorder will be classed differently. Possible symptoms include a depressed mood, lack of pleasure and interested in activities formerly enjoyed, a significant change in appetite or weight, greatly increased or decreased sleep, excess guilt or feelings of low worth, trouble concentrating and thinking, and recurrent thoughts about death.

Almost anyone can suffer from depression, and most people who are diagnosed with this problem are treated successfully. Major depressive disorder may come from just one trauma, or from a series of disappointments, problems, or stresses. Some people only go through one major depressive episode in their lives. Others will deal with many episodes. This illness is not selective and affects people of all ages, races, and other descriptors. About three percent of people in the US and Europe are depressed at any one time, rising to seven percent over the course of a year. Between ten and fifteen percent of us will suffer from a major depressive episode at some time in our lives.

Treating major depression can be done in a number of different ways, of which medication is only one, though many people aren't aware of other options. Psychotherapy, behavioral and cognitive therapy, herbal treatments, and many other methods can also be used to improve symptoms and make the sufferer's life easier. If you believe you're dealing with major depressive disorder, it's important to take control and seek help. There are lots of options, and something is likely to be of help to you.




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How to Get Over Major Depression


If you have major depression, it's time to do something about it. It is not alright to just sit around and feel lousy. Depression isn't something to feel ashamed of. Some people think that they are weak if they are depressed but it's not the case. Depression can attack even the strongest people. You're not a weakling or a whiner if you suffer from depression. Depression is a disease and we need to look at it that way.

A lot of people struggle with how to get over major depression. A great way to rid yourself of depression by just letting go of all guilt from the past. Guilt will eat you alive if you allow it. Regret, bitterness and shame will make you ill. Decide at this moment to let that all go. Starting at this moment, you can design the life you have always wanted.

A major reason people get depression is anxiety. Social Anxiety disorder is a major problem today. It seems like more and more people are getting social phobia. Some people think it's no big deal. It's very serious though. People with social anxiety disorder tend to avoid dealing with people out of fear. They feel uncomfortable in social places. Those who have it will do almost anything to hide the problem. They do not want to be embarrassed or weak. If you feel this way you are not alone. A lot of people feel nervous around people, but they've learned ways to conquer it. You too can learn to deal with it.




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2012年7月25日 星期三

Major Depression Is Highly Treatable


What is major or clinical depression?

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a condition characterized by signs and symptoms that interfere with the ability to work, sleep, eat, and enjoy once pleasurable activities. Depression is common and often goes undiagnosed, because, the onset of the first episode of major depression may not be obvious if it is gradual or mild.

According to the DSM-IV -- a manual used to diagnose mental health conditions.For a major depressive episode a person must have experienced at least five of the nine symptoms below for the same two weeks or more, for most of the time almost every day, and this is a change from his/her prior level of functioning. One of the symptoms must be either (a) depressed mood, or (b) loss of interest.

a. Depressed mood. For children and adolescents, this may be irritable mood.

b. A significantly reduced level of interest or pleasure in most or all activities.

c. A considerable loss or gain of weight (e.g., 5% or more change of weight in a month when not dieting). This may also be an increase or decrease in appetite. For children, they may not gain an expected amount of weight.

d. Difficulty falling or staying asleep (insomnia) or sleeping more than usual (hypersomnia).

e. Behavior that is agitated or slowed down. Others should be able to observe this.

f. Feeling fatigued, or diminished energy.

g. Thoughts of worthlessness or extreme guilt (not about being ill).

h. Ability to think, concentrate, or make decisions is reduced.

i. Frequent thoughts of death or suicide (with or without a specific plan), or attempt of suicide.

To be considered major depression:

Your symptoms aren't due to a mixed episode - simultaneous mania and depression that can occur in bipolar disorder

Symptoms must be severe enough to cause noticeable problems in day-to-day activities, such as work, school, social activities or relationships with others

Symptoms are not due to the direct effects of something else, such as drug abuse, taking a medication or having a medical condition such as hypothyroidism

Symptoms are not caused by grieving, such as temporary sadness after the loss of a loved one

Treatment

Although major depression is a serious mental disorder that profoundly affects an individual's quality of life. It is highly treatable. Many types of treatment are available. Medications and psychotherapy are very effective for most people. Some studies have shown that antidepressant drug therapy combined with psychotherapy has better results than either therapy alone.

Medications

Medications include:

Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs)

Atypical antidepressants

Tricyclic antidepressants

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Psychotherapy

There are several types of psychotherapy that have been shown to be effective for depression including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT).

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) helps to identify negative beliefs and behaviors and replace them with healthy, positive ones.

Interpersonal therapy (IPT) focuses on the interpersonal context and on building interpersonal skills.








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Depression - Diagnosis and Types of 3 Depressive Disorders


Depressive disorders are a health related disease that involves the mind and human body. Depression or any major depressive disorder may be defined as clinical depression. Depression affects how you experience, think and respond. A depressive disorder can lead to an assortment of mental and physical problems. You may have problems doing normal day-to-day routines, and depression may make you feel as if living isn't worth living. Many people close to depressed individuals fail to recognize the severity and intensity that one's depressive state can bring.

There tend to be numerous distinct types of depression. Usually they are recognized by way of their commonplace characteristics, length and degree of signs and symptoms. The majority of these types of varieties of depression are defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), an American Psychiatric Association publication which identifies the standard criteria for different types of psychiatric disorders.

Below are the 3 major types of Depressive Disorders

Major Depression- This type of depression is also known as a major depressive disorder. The occurrence occurs with signs or symptoms which continue for most of the day, practically just about every day for at minimum two weeks. A major indicator is depressed feelings and/or a noticeable decline in interest or enjoyment in all or most activities.

One looking for signs to confirm diagnosis should look for 4 more symptoms.

• difficulty sleeping or increase in sleeping

• fatigue or loss of energy

• difficulty concentrating and making decisions

• thoughts of death or suicide

• feelings of guilt, worthlessness, and low self-esteem

Dysthymia - This depressive disorder is also known as Dysthymic Disorder. An individual exhibiting signs of this disorder will have a consistent depressed mood for at least two years. This disorder is a chronic condition characterized by depressive symptoms that occur for most of the day, more days than not, for at least 2 years. It is similar to Major Depression but not as severe. Often, the disorder will progress to Major Depression. Look for some of these signs below.

• Change in eating habits, normally a decrease or increase in eating

• Change in sleeping habits such as increased or decreased sleeping.

• Self esteem which has been lowered accompanied by feelings of hopelessness.

• Difficulty concentrating or making decisions

Manic Depression - This kind of depression is a serious bipolar disorder where the individual feelings revolve around mania (excitement) and depression. Sometimes the person may manifest their feelings entirely in one mood. At other times, the feelings cycle between manic and depressive states. Sometimes the person has delusional thoughts. Look for 3 or 4 of these symptoms below.

• More extroverted than usual or excited and more talkative

• Reduction in sleeping

• Increased self-esteem or self-importance

• More distracted or less focused

• Engagement in behavior that is pleasurable to the individual but considered risky for normal behavior (over spending, over eating, gambling)




William writes articles for various topics. His specialty is dog health but he has various other interests. You can visit his newest websites at Best Halloween Costume and K Cups Coffee





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The Most Common Potential Causes of Major Depression


Major or clinical depression is a very complex mental illness that medical experts and researchers have been unable to find a definitive cause. However, many research and epidemiological studies have been done that have pin pointed some possible risk factors that include genetics, environment, substance abuse, certain medications, and other forms of mental illness with the overall consensus being that in the majority of individuals who develop depression, there are multiple reasons or risk factors involved.

In some individuals it is possible to determine the underlying cause of their depression enabling them to receive effective treatment and successfully overcome their illness, however, there are many forms of treatment available today that are still successful in treating the depression even when the underlying cause is unknown.

Environmental and Lifestyle Factors that can contribute to Depression

Substance abuse is one of the primary risk factors that can lead to depression with estimates showing that thirty percent of individuals who abuse alcohol, illicit or prescription drugs have some form of a depressive disorder. Physical abuse can also be a major contributing factor to depression and includes physical, sexual, or mental abuse.

Other lifestyle and environmental risk factors include trauma or stress such as family or relationship conflicts, the loss of a loved one, divorce or disputes between family members or friends. Major changes or events in life - even when positive - have also been known to trigger depression that include, getting married, beginning a new job, graduating from school, losing a job, or retiring.

Other personal problems can also play a roll in the development of depression that include financial difficulties, social problems that include being shunned or isolated from family members, a loved one, or a group of friends. An individual's personality may also be the cause of depression in some individuals that include having a low self esteem, pessimistic or negative outlook on life, as well as being an over achiever with high or unrealistic self-expectations and becoming disappointed when failing to meet certain goals. Individuals who witness a traumatic or catastrophic event are also at a high risk for developing depression as well as" PTSD" or "post traumatic stress disorder".

Emotional and Physical Causes of Depression

Individuals who have another form of mental illness are also susceptible to developing depression that includes the eating disorders of anorexia and bulimia. Individuals with anxiety disorders are also at a high risk for developing depression including general anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social phobias.

Serious illnesses are another known risk factor for depression and include HIV, cardiovascular disease, and cancer due to the fact that these conditions create a lot of physical and emotional stress on the body and some of the medications prescribed for these illnesses can also cause depression. Major depression also has the ability to weaken the immune system which can make these health conditions worse.

Many studies conducted have also concluded that genetics play a roll in the development of depression and that depression is a familial disease meaning that it can be inherited and it has been known to affect families throughout many generations. While there is no known cure or definitive way to prevent depression, knowing the causes may help some in avoiding this disorder as well as being aware of their susceptibility so they can be on the alert for any signs or symptoms and seek help early which is when treatment is the most effective.




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Major Depressive Disorder - More Than Just the Blues


Major depressive disorder is a serious mental illness that's characterized by persistent blue moods, low self-esteem, and a lack of pleasure in things you've always enjoyed. If you suffer from this illness, you may have trouble doing everyday things and feel that life isn't worth living.

We all get the blues sometimes, but major depressive disorder is the blues on a whole other level. This is when it's so bad you need to see a doctor. The common symptoms of major depressive disorder include:


A persistently low mood that lasts for days or weeks
Lack of interest in all of the things you enjoy doing
Insomnia, oversleeping or other sleep disorders
Lack of appetite
Fatigue
Trouble concentrating
Loss of sex drive
Thoughts of death and suicide
In severe cases hallucinations, delusions and other symptoms of psychosis

What Causes Depression?

There is no one cause that's been identified. It's generally agreed that there are genetic, biological and environmental factors at play. Studies show that people with family members who suffer from depressive disorder are more likely to suffer from the condition as well. It's also been shown that abnormal brain chemistry is a factor. Traumatic life events can also cause depression, although it's not clear whether these events simply trigger a tendency that's already there.

Treating Major Depressive Disorder

If you suffer from blues that just won't go away, the first step is to talk to your doctor. They'll determine whether or not your condition is serious. Usually, major depressive disorder is diagnosed if you've suffered from depression constantly for two weeks or longer. They'll also look for ways your depression has impacted other areas of your life negatively.

The most effective treatment is therapy. Through therapy, you learn to value yourself and enjoy the good things in life. You get back into the swing of things. You'll also learn effective coping strategies to help you deal with your low moments and stresses.

There are several different approaches used for treating depression. One is cognitive therapy, which focuses on your thought processes. The cognitive approach looks at your patterns of thinking and helps you examine them. You look at your negative self-beliefs closely and learn to recognize that they're not valid. Through changing these patterns, you learn to love yourself.

Interpersonal therapy is also often used for depression. Social isolation goes hand in hand with depression, and interpersonal therapy helps you re-learn how to relate to others. You also draw support from them and recognize that you're not alone.

There are also medical treatments that can stop the symptoms of depression. These are antidepressants and they're usually only used in severe cases where your depression is simply debilitating.

If you suffer from a low mood that won't go away, you're not alone. You may suffer from major depressive disorder. The good news is that it's fully treatable and many people just like you have gone on to live happy and productive lives.




To read more about causes of mental illness please feel free to visit my site http://www.mentalillnesstest.org.





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2012年7月24日 星期二

Major Depressive Episode Criteria


One thing I cannot understand is why someone suffering from depression, or any other mental illness for that matter, should be in denial about it. Since this article's about depression, we'll allude to that throughout. Depression is a most miserable condition, so why a person would wish to deny the fact that he or she has the illness, only to go on suffering, completely defeats me.

The other fact that I always think suspect is the statistic that women are twice as likely to suffer depression than men. Are they? I know we've covered this in previous articles, but women seem a great deal more sensible than men in that instead of sitting there, stupidly suffering in silence, they do something about it.

I realize fully that it's all too easy to criticize the statisticians. All they can do, in effect, is a head count of those who seek treatment. Nevertheless, I feel that the real numbers, if known, would be very considerably different.

A Major Depressive Episode can last from a few hours to a few years. Whatever the psychiatrists might say, it's severe depression by any other name. There are a number of criteria to be considered when diagnosing the condition, but these taken by themselves can vary enormously.

The way you sleep or don't sleep, for instance, can be poles apart. Somnipathy, the fancy name for sleep disorder, may take the form of someone sleeping to excess, or not sleeping at all. I was in the latter category, especially before I received treatment for a condition I didn't understand, as thoughts of the certainty that I was going to have to face another day were literally almost more than I could bear.

I would lie awake and watch the red numbers on my digital clock click away the minutes up to the time I had to make the monumental effort of climbing out of bed. Other people will lapse into a deep sleep almost immediately and not awaken for many hours. Both conditions are classic symptoms of escapism. Someone like me, doing his best to reverse time by gazing intently at the clock, to the other person sleeping his or her life away.

Eating habits and effects are another criteria. Some people gain weight, while not eating any more than usual. Others, and I was one, lose weight quite alarmingly because they find it very difficult to eat. Really, though, the amount you eat is of no consequence. You either gain or lose weight.

Concentration and fatigue go hand in hand. It isn't so much that you can't concentrate. You just feel too tired to make the effort. Far easier just to let what thoughts you might have roam around in your head without any attempt at controlling them. When, or if, it becomes a deep depression, any ideas about going out with friends, or for a meal with your spouse, are anathema. You simply want to be left alone, because just the thoughts of making the effort to actually do something invite total confusion in your mind.

Here's another pretty word for you; Anhedonia. This is the inability to enjoy the hobbies and pastimes that once gave you so much pleasure. They hold no further interest for you. A sort of 'what's the point' attitude sets in and you remain content to stare into the fire, or out of the window, letting one day merge into another, aware perhaps of others living bright lives, full of promise, but you? After all, what's the point? Because of this, your consideration of your own worth is at zero.

You know perfectly well that you're not contributing to anyone or anything. And so this illness, this insidious creeping thing, pulls you down even lower. You're worthless, you think, so why not end it all? You've stopped thinking of others, of those who love you. Suicide becomes more and more attractive, and you consider this more strongly every day without a thought about how others will suffer because of it.

This is your nadir and it isn't your fault - unless by this time you've still decided against acquiring help. If this is the case, then your action, or lack of it, is unconscionable.




Mike Bond, discussing a condition he knows only too well. Depression. You'll find his story on his Website, even down to his attempted suicide. If your feelings of depression, or 'the blues' extend for longer than two weeks, then good, professional help must be sought. As Bond so correctly states, you won't beat this horrible illness on your own. Quite apart from any other consideration, you have neither the strength nor the will. Have a good look at Bond's Website, though. He's been through it. He writes from first hand experience. If you're suffering from mental illness too, then by reading the articles on his Site, you'll realize you're not alone. He'd like to thank Wikipedia for some of the terms in this article.

[http://www.panattack.com]





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