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2012年9月20日 星期四

Different Types of Depression


Most people think of depression as a single disorder or illness. What many people don't realize is that there are several different types of depression that can be diagnosed by a mental health or medical professional. Depending on the type of depression, the symptoms the patient is experiencing, and the severity of the symptoms, the treatment may vary. It is therefore very important to be sure the diagnosis is correct in order to ensure the best approach to treatment.

The first type of depression is major depressive disorder (MDD) and can vary in severity from mild to severe. The symptoms for MDD need be present for only two weeks in order to meet the criteria for this diagnosis. Symptoms include a depressed or sad mood most of the time and generally every day, changes in appetite and sleep (either an increase or decrease of either), loss of interest in most things, a feeling of being either slowed down or restless, difficulties with concentration and making decisions, feelings of excessive guilt or worthlessness, low energy, notable weight loss or weight gain (not due to dieting), frequent thoughts of death or suicide or a suicide plan or attempt.

The second type of depression is dysthymic disorder and the symptoms have been present for at least two years in adults. This is generally considered a more mild depression than major depressive disorder, although many of the symptoms are similar. Many professionals refer to this as a "low grade depression". The primary symptom is a depressed or "blue" mood more often than not, and is present on most days. Other symptoms may include problems with sleep or appetite, lack of energy, low self-esteem, difficulties with concentration and decision making, and a general feeling of hopelessness.

The third type of depression is referred to as an adjustment disorder with depressed mood. This type of depression is triggered by a distressing situation or event which significantly impacts the individual. Examples of precipitating events may include the breakup of a significant relationship, loss of a job, moving to a new place leaving behind family and friends, or a major life transition. The event often involves either a loss or a situation that negatively affects one's self-esteem, or both. The person's reaction to the event is beyond what is generally considered normal, which is why it is considered a "disorder". Sometimes with an adjustment disorder of this type the person may also be experiencing symptoms of anxiety, and that is called an adjustment disorder with mixed anxiety and depressed mood.

This acute type of depression is often more readily responsive to treatment than other types of depression, unless the person has a prior history of a depressive disorder or has a concurrent psychiatric disorder. The symptoms occur within 3 months of the beginning of the event, and are no longer present more than 6 months after the end of the stressful situation (unless the stressful situation itself is chronic in nature).

The fourth type of depression is in conjunction with bipolar disorder. The symptoms are the same as in major depressive disorder, but the patient has a history of at least one manic or hypomanic episode and is then diagnosed with bipolar disorder rather than MDD. A common criterion in each type of depression is that it is adversely affecting the person's functioning at work or school, at home, and / or in his or her social life.

Depressive symptoms may also be present secondary to substance abuse, a medical condition, and other psychiatric disorders. If you or someone you know appears to be experiencing symptoms of depression, it is best to have an evaluation by a professional, preferably a psychologist, psychiatrist, or a psychiatric nurse practitioner, especially if suicidal thoughts are present.




Dr. Cheryl Lane has a doctorate in clinical psychology and 15 years experience working in the mental health field. Over the course of her career she has evaluated and treated many patients suffering from depression.





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2012年9月19日 星期三

Most Common Types of Depressive Disorders Or Clinical Depression


When it is said that an individual is suffering from depression, this is a general term that is typically used to describe the feelings of sadness or hopelessness that some individuals may experience on a regular basis, however, when an individual is diagnosed with depression they are typically diagnosed with one of several specific forms recognized within the field of psychiatry and medicine.

The most common forms of depression that are diagnosed are called "major depressive disorder" and "dysthymic disorder". While some types of depression are more serious than others, all forms of depression experienced regularly that affect an individuals daily activities typically require some form of medical treatment to overcome the symptoms.

Major Depressive Disorder and Dysthymic Disorder are the most Common Types Depression Diagnosed

One of the most common types of clinical depression that is diagnosed is called "major depressive disorder". While major or clinical depression can have numerous symptoms, the primary criteria for a this diagnosis is when the individual experiences a loss of interest or depressed state of mind the majority of the day, nearly every day and for a period of two weeks or longer.

Other symptoms of this type of depression are feelings on a daily basis that can include, chronic fatigue, low self esteem or feelings of worthlessness, guilt, and insomnia, or sleeping excessively. Some individuals will also experience a lack of concentration, memory loss, significant irritability, and suicidal thoughts or tendencies.

Dysthymia or "chronic depression" is also a very common form of depression but is less severe than major depressive disorder. While this type of depression causes distress and can decrease the ability to function at ones best, it is not as crippling to an individual as major depression can be.

The symptoms of chronic depression or dysthymia are very much the same as major depression, but are less intense in severity. However, the symptoms of dysthymia tend to be chronic and typically last for extended periods of time that may include two years or even longer.

Psychotic Depression and Post Partum Depression

Psychotic depression is one of the most serious forms of depression and is the condition that coexists with another serious type of depression or mental disorder and occurs when an individual experiences periods of psychosis with depression that include a "break from reality", delusions, or hallucinations.

Individuals with psychotic depression will have symptoms that may include hearing or seeing things that are not there, delusions of grandeur, and unrealistic fears or irrational thoughts. This type of depression carries a high risk factor for suicide and typically requires hospitalization for treatment and the usage of mood stabilizers that include antipsychotic and antidepressant medications.

A diagnosis of postpartum depression or "PPD" may be made when a women experiences a severe state of depression within four weeks after giving birth. Post partum depression is physical and emotional changes that are experienced shortly after giving birth that include a chemical change in the body due the rapid drop in the level of the hormones progesterone and estrogen.

While these are some of the most commonly diagnosed forms of depression, there are many other types of depression with their own specific symptoms. Fortunately, it is possible to treat all forms of depression successfully when properly diagnosed.




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2012年9月17日 星期一

Depression and Its Main Types


Depression is often an incredibly severe health issue involving the entire body, your feelings and critical thinking. This condition isn't in any way comparable to feeling simply blue and it is far from being an indication of your own weakness or an issue which has been willed or anticipated in any way, so the sufferers are not able to simply get a grip and feel better. In fact, if neglected, the suffering can last for a very long time. The correct treatment solution on the other hand, will help the majority of people who are currently suffering from this debilitating disease.

There is help!

This health issue can manifest in various forms and intensities, much like the way it is with any other diseases including cancer or cardiovascular disease.

Major depressive disorders are described by a variety of symptoms - which due to their severity and duration - will impact the sufferer's sleep, work, eating, interacting with others or take pleasure from leisure or social activities. This may possibly manifest only once or twice in a lifetime, however typically, repeated episodes are rather more prevalent, which will necessitate long term and indefinite medical attention.

Another common type, Dysthymia involves long term, but less severe symptoms which don't significantly disable, yet hold one back from feeling good or functioning well. Many individuals with Dysthymia likewise encounter major depressive episodes occasionally in their everyday life.

Bipolar disorder is recognized by the frequent alteration and swings of highs and lows, usually along with occasional normal mood lasting for a short period of time.

No matter which type of this debilitating disease you are suffering from, there is always hope! Don't give up! There are several different types and methods of treatments available, which have been helpful for countless people. If you can identify the underlying causes and work through them, eating a healthy diet and taking the appropriate supplements, I firmly believe it is definitely possible to recover.




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2012年9月14日 星期五

Understanding The Various Types Of Depression


Depression is one of the most well known and commonly seen psychiatric disorders. Although stress contributes to being afflicted by depression, the affects of stress is not depression. Neither is depression feeling blue or sad for few days. Depression is characterized by intense and relentless feelings of worthlessness or guilt, sadness, difficulties with attention and memory, inability to find pleasure or enjoy anything, aberrations in sleep and eating habits, fluctuation in energy levels and at its extreme recurrent suicidal tendencies. All of these or most of these signs persisting over more than two weeks would be sufficient for a diagnosis of depressive disorder. However depression is not a single entity, it is a group of disorders lumped together under the label of mood disorders. The primary and common symptom that characterizes these disorders is mood vacillations. There are three major types of depression: Major Depressive disorder, Dysthemia and Bipolar disorder.

Types of Depression:

Major depressive disorder also called clinical depression is characterized by all of the symptoms described above. The symptoms are present for at least two weeks with an intensity that debilitates the individuals normal day to day functioning. Individuals who suffer from this type of depression might have just one single episode or might have recurrent relapses through out their lives. Major depression is more common among females than males. The symptom patterns in males are set apart from typical female symptom pattern. Men are more likely to be violent and aggressive unlike the more passive, lethargic and subdued affect observed in females. Major depression can be treated with antidepressants and psychological therapy.

Dysthemia also called mild or chronic depression is characterized by a milder and longer lasting symptom pattern of the major depression. The symptoms could last for as long as two years and sometimes are interspersed with episodes of clinical depression. When Dysthemia occurs together with major depression a diagnosis of double depression is applied. Afflicted individuals or their near and dear ones might not recognize that the person is depressed as the symptoms are mild and last long enough to give the impression that it is a personality pattern rather than an illness. However Dysthemia can be formally diagnosed and treated with anti depression medication and therapy.

Bipolar Disorder as its name implies has a symptom pattern of dramatic mood oscillations from a depressed extreme to a manic extreme characterized by elation or euphoria. The moods swings can take place over a varied time frame moving from one mood to the other gradually over time or rapidly within a matter of minutes. The depression in bipolar disorder is characterized by the regular depression symptoms, however the manic cycle brings with it sleeplessness, restless hyper activity, euphoria, and some thought disorder symptoms like hallucinations, delusions and extreme rage leading to impaired day to day functioning and social life.

Other less common and milder forms of depression include atypical depression, post partum depression, seasonal affective disorder and substance induced depression. If you suspect you have depression and have the characteristic symptoms such as difficulty in sleeping or staying awake, increased or decreased appetite, inability to concentrate, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, extreme mood swings, substance abuse and suicidal tendencies seek medical help immediately.




If you need additional information regarding the symptoms of depression please visit our informational web site. If you have been experiencing symptoms following the birth of a child that persist for more than a couple weeks then postpartum depression is something that should be considered. There are a wide range of treatment options available so don't be afraid to talk to a health care professional even if you want to avoid drug therapy.





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Teenage Depression - Types of Depression


Depression is a clinical condition categorised by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual as being short-lasting and severe known as a Major Depression Disorder (MDD) or long-lasting but less severe known as Dysthymia Disorder (DD).

The onset of a Major Depressive Disorder in teens usually manifests through the teen displaying irritability, low mood or loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities for at least 2 weeks continuously. Because Major Depression occurs in short bouts with periods of feeling fine in between, this could easily be mistaken for typical teenage behaviour. However, it is important to note that the signs and symptoms associated with a Major Depressive episode are very severe, even by the standards of common teenage behaviour. Therefore it is important not to be misdirected when the teen appears to be okay for periods in between.

Dysthymia Disorder on the other hand does not occur in bouts, but is experienced by the teen for a continuous period of time. However, unlike Major Depression, Dysthymia is characterised by a low level of depressed mood. Teenagers who experience this type of depression are often labelled as 'moody' as a characteristic of their personalities. While this may be typical of most teenagers, it is important to look out for other signs and symptoms associated with depression, such as a pervasive sense of hopelessness. While the severity of depressed mood is not as bad as Major Depression, the pervasiveness of low mood can aggravate feelings of helplessness and hopelessness typically experienced in depression.

Another type depression that is directly associated with stressful life changes is know as Adjustment Disorder with Depressed Mood. Change is a major characteristic of the teenager's life stage, which is why this form of depression is so common in teenagers. It is important to recognise the high value placed on certain occupations in a teenager's life. Even changing schools can be highly stressful to a teenager. A resilient teenager will find adaptive ways to cope with the stress of major change, whereas a maladaptive reaction to change results can result in an adjustment disorder.

Statistics show that teenagers who experience depression or depressed mood have an increased risk of developing another mental condition with depressive elements known as Bipolar Disorder. This disorder is also commonly known as Manic-Depressive Disorder because it is characterised by sudden swings between intense depression and bursts of extreme activity and energy.




Anne Ross is a Psychotherapist, Counsellor, Crises facilitator, Cranial Sacral and Myofascial Therapist, including various other Massage/Body/Energy techniques, but above all she is a mother. She is an accredited member of the Traditional-Medicine Society and the Association of Transactional Analysis. My must read book: "All you wanted to know about Teen Depression", is available at: [http://www.depression-teenage.com]





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2012年9月11日 星期二

What Are the Major Types of Depression?


The DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) classifies the disease of depression into the following categories. This classification is based on the symptoms and causes of depression.

1. Dysthymia: The state of having a depression or a mood of sadness on most of the days for a long period of two days. The depression is felt everyday for along period of time.

2. Major Depressive Disorder: Along with the feeling of 'left alone' and lonely, this may also include other symptoms like deep feeling of guilt or guilt conscience. You will also feel suicidal ideation and other physical signs like loss of hunger and bad health. You will feel fatigue. This disorder can be severe, moderate or mild.

3. Adjustment Disorder and Depressed Mood: The grief because of the loss of any kind is called Adjustment Disorder. You may have lost a pet or a friend or someone or something very special in your life. If you are not able to cop up with this after many days, you are suffering from this disorder.

4. Depression NOS: This includes premenstrual depression and other seasonal depressions. They are not generally very serious.

5. Secondary Depression: Some medicines or drugs that you are having may cause mood shifts and depression. This depression is due to an underlying medical disorder like Cushing's disease or hypothyroidism.

Being given such a complex definitions for the different kinds of depressions, there is no doubt why the doctors become depressed themselves trying to figure out what kind of depression is affecting the patient.




Learn more about types of depression.





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2012年9月10日 星期一

Depression Types Major Depressive And Dsthymia


Depression affects everyone at some point in their life. You can get over depression and find comfort in your friends and family. Those who have depression are affected by a chemical imbalance. The imbalance may happen itself over time or may be caused by many things. You will find that if you recently have a traumatic event you may become depressed.

You may also find that if your hormones are off balance your depression will grow further and further into depression. Those who are going through puberty or those going through the change of life will notice that they may be depressed because they are going through a change in hormones. You may also find that if you are on drugs you will become a depressed person through the drug abuse.

There has been research for depression and through the research there has been noted that there are forms of depression. One type of depression is known as major depressive disorder. This is where someone will have five or more episodes within two weeks. The depression is always reoccurring and they will not feel it all the time, but may every other day. It will happen for the rest of your life, but you can stop the episodes by getting medical help. Through medication and therapy, you will be able to control your depression and you will feel better. You will find that it never goes away, but you feel like you are under control.

Then there is another type of depression known as dysthymia. This is where you suffer from the less serious symptoms. You will have trouble with your eating and sleeping. You may not be getting enough or you may be eating or getting too much sleep. In addition, people will feel tired for no reason, but still feel the need to get up out of bed.




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2012年8月30日 星期四

Six Common Types of the Depressive Disorder


Generally speaking, there are quite many types of the depressive disorder, ranging from moderate to severe and most of us have experienced one kind or another at various points in our lives. The most common types of this disorder include:

1. Dysthymic Disorder - This condition is a chronic long-lasting form of depression showing many similarities with the major depressive disorder (in the form of the melancholic depression). As one of the two popular forms of clinical depression, it usually has fewer or less serious symptoms than the major depressive disorder but people suffering from this type of depression have a greater-than-average chance of developing MDD.

2. Major Depressive Disorder (clinical depression, major depression, unipolar depression, or unipolar disorder) - People suffering from major depression often report experiencing an all-encompassing low mood accompanied by low self-esteem, which permeates all facets of life, and an inability to experience pleasure in activities that were once enjoyed. Major depressive disorder is a grave illness that impacts an individual's family and personal relationships, work or school life, sleeping and eating habits, and general health. Its touch on functioning and wellbeing has been equated to that of chronic medical conditions such as diabetes. Depressed people may be preoccupied with, thoughts and feelings of worthlessness, improper guilt or regret, helplessness, hopelessness, and self-disgust. In severe cases, depressed people may have symptoms of psychosis. These symptoms include delusions or, less commonly, hallucinations, usually of an unpleasant nature. Other symptoms of depression include poor concentration and memory, detachment from social situations and activities, reduced sex drive, and thoughts of death or suicide. Insomnia is common among the depressed. Hypersomnia, or oversleeping, can also happen. Appetite often decreases, with resulting weight loss, although increased appetite and weight gain occasionally occur.

3. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), also known as winter depression or winter blues, is a mood disorder in which individuals who have normal mental health throughout most of the year go through depressive symptoms in the winter or, less often, in the summertime, spring or fall, repeatedly, year after year. Those who experience SAD pass through a depressed mood, somnolence, gain in weight and a craving for sugars during wintertime. SAD is not a singular mood disorder, but is "a specifier of major depressive disorder". There are many distinct treatments for standard (winter-based) seasonal affective disorder, including light therapy with sunlight or bright lights, antidepressant drug medication, cognitive-behavioral therapy, ionized-air therapy, and carefully timed administration of the hormone melatonin.

4. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a condition indicating serious premenstrual distress with assorted impairment in normal functioning. PMDD is defined by depressed or unstable mood, anxiety, irritability, anger, and additional symptoms taking place solely during the 2 weeks preceding menstruum. Many women go through some of these symptoms in variable degrees, but those who are diagnosed with PDD experience rather severe symptoms.

5. Bipolar disorder (bipolar affective disorder or manic depression) is a condition that depicts a category of mood disorders defined by the presence of one or more sequences of abnormally raised energy levels, cognition, and temper. These moods are typically referred to as mania or, if lighter, hypomania. People who go through manic episodes also usually experience depressive episodes or symptoms, or merged episodes in which facets of both manic disorder and depressive disorder are present at the same time. These episodes are commonly divided by periods of normal mood, but in some individuals, depressive disorder and manic disorder may rapidly take turns, acknowledged as rapid cycling. Intense manic episodes can occasionally lead to psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations.

6. Postpartum depressive disorder (postnatal depressive disorder) - This type of the clinical depression, usually known as the "baby blues", occurs in mothers who have recently given birth. Among men, especially in new fathers, the relative incidence of postnatal depressive disorder has been approximated to be between 1% and 25%. Postnatal depressive disorder occurs in women after they have carried a baby, typically in the first couple of months. Symptoms include sorrow, tiredness, insomnia, lowered libido, weeping episodes, anxiety, and bad temper. It's occasionally presumed that postpartum depressive disorder is caused by a deficiency in vitamins, but reports tend to show that more likely causes are the substantial changes in a woman's hormones during pregnancy. Then again, studies show that hormonal treatment has not helped postnatal depressive disorder victims. Many women convalesce due to requesting help from a support group or professional counseling.

These forms of the depressive disorder may carry many aspects that address each individual in a certain unique way and may also get worse over time if they are not given the proper amount of importance. If you think you are going through one of these types of the depressive disorder mentioned above you should also consider seeking professional medical advice as early on in order to recenter yourself and avoid such a terrible condition.

Read more at: http://depressive-disorder.blogspot.com




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2012年8月28日 星期二

Different Types Of Major Depression Treatment


What is the most effective major depression treatment? First, you have to know what causes a major depression. Next, learn about the treatments available for you. Afterwards, you have to decide which among the treatment options will help you best.

What is depression, anyway?

Depression is thought to be a product of both psychological and biological processes in a person's being. Stress is a vital factor in the first two episodes of depression. It is the trigger that starts the feeling of depression and it continuously feeds this until such time that depression has developed into a major stage. During the major stage, stress is no longer a factor. Genetics and temperament take the place of stress during the advanced stages of depression.

Feelings of depression are normal if they don't disrupt a person's daily activities and the depression cycle does not last more than a few days. Weeks of depression is considered as a mild form of depression that may progress to something serious, such as a unipolar depression, bipolar or manic-depressive depression or worse, psychotic depression.

Now that you know what causes major depression, you will have to take a look at the different major depression treatments available to understand how they work and if they will work for you.

The major depression treatments described here can be categorized to fall under two major options. The first is the psychosocial therapies; the second, the medical therapies option. Psychosocial therapies include Interpersonal Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Psychoanalytically Oriented Therapy. Medical therapies include hospitalization and administration of antidepressant medications.

These are the various types of psychosocial therapies:

Interpersonal Therapy

Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) is gaining popularity in the psychosocial therapies arena. It is a major depression treatment that highlights the importance of correcting present social dysfunction. It is a short-term psychotherapy lasting for about twelve to sixteen weeks. IPT focuses on present psychological problems that cause interference with social relationships.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is a type of major depression treatment that deals with the pessimistic attitude of a person that leads to the feeling of depression. The theory behind this kind of therapy is that the person feels too much self-criticism and rejection. This promotes the feeling of depression and causes the person to isolate himself from the crowd, creating loneliness and more depression.

Cognitive behavioral therapy works to remove the negative thoughts a person has for himself. One method associated with it is providing take home activities that aims to break the habit of negative thinking.

Psychoanalytically Oriented Therapy

Psychoanalytically Oriented Therapy is a long and expensive mode of treating depression. The good thing about it is that it tackles the very cause of depression, digging deep into the person's thoughts in order to find out what made the person become angry with himself.

This depression treatment works in contrast with the first two types that deal with the present. Psychoanalytically Oriented Therapy works with the person's past. This kind of treatment can last up to several years, having to visit the therapist on a periodic basis.

Following are the medical therapies:

Hospitalization

Hospitalization is needed for major depression treatment under circumstances that are considered emergency. When we say emergency, it means that there is a risk of a person committing suicide or even homicide. The person becomes unable to handle his own basic necessities, such as food, shelter and clothing. It is also recommended when medical diagnostic procedure is necessary.

Antidepressant Medications

Antidepressant medications are another major depression treatment. There is still some controversy as to whether this kind of treatment can provide more benefits or injuries. This type of major depression treatment needs to be studied carefully. Most anti depression medicines have side effects that may be hard for a person to bear. Close medical assistance is needed while the person is under antidepressant medication.

All the above-mentioned major depression treatments have been effective in relieving the depression symptoms and helping a patient get back into the track. The depressed person or the family of a depressed person will have to decide which among these types will provide wellness for the patient.




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2012年8月27日 星期一

Depression - Diagnosis and Types of 3 Depressive Disorders


Depressive disorders are a health related disease that involves the mind and human body. Depression or any major depressive disorder may be defined as clinical depression. Depression affects how you experience, think and respond. A depressive disorder can lead to an assortment of mental and physical problems. You may have problems doing normal day-to-day routines, and depression may make you feel as if living isn't worth living. Many people close to depressed individuals fail to recognize the severity and intensity that one's depressive state can bring.

There tend to be numerous distinct types of depression. Usually they are recognized by way of their commonplace characteristics, length and degree of signs and symptoms. The majority of these types of varieties of depression are defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), an American Psychiatric Association publication which identifies the standard criteria for different types of psychiatric disorders.

Below are the 3 major types of Depressive Disorders

Major Depression- This type of depression is also known as a major depressive disorder. The occurrence occurs with signs or symptoms which continue for most of the day, practically just about every day for at minimum two weeks. A major indicator is depressed feelings and/or a noticeable decline in interest or enjoyment in all or most activities.

One looking for signs to confirm diagnosis should look for 4 more symptoms.

• difficulty sleeping or increase in sleeping

• fatigue or loss of energy

• difficulty concentrating and making decisions

• thoughts of death or suicide

• feelings of guilt, worthlessness, and low self-esteem

Dysthymia - This depressive disorder is also known as Dysthymic Disorder. An individual exhibiting signs of this disorder will have a consistent depressed mood for at least two years. This disorder is a chronic condition characterized by depressive symptoms that occur for most of the day, more days than not, for at least 2 years. It is similar to Major Depression but not as severe. Often, the disorder will progress to Major Depression. Look for some of these signs below.

• Change in eating habits, normally a decrease or increase in eating

• Change in sleeping habits such as increased or decreased sleeping.

• Self esteem which has been lowered accompanied by feelings of hopelessness.

• Difficulty concentrating or making decisions

Manic Depression - This kind of depression is a serious bipolar disorder where the individual feelings revolve around mania (excitement) and depression. Sometimes the person may manifest their feelings entirely in one mood. At other times, the feelings cycle between manic and depressive states. Sometimes the person has delusional thoughts. Look for 3 or 4 of these symptoms below.

• More extroverted than usual or excited and more talkative

• Reduction in sleeping

• Increased self-esteem or self-importance

• More distracted or less focused

• Engagement in behavior that is pleasurable to the individual but considered risky for normal behavior (over spending, over eating, gambling)




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2012年7月30日 星期一

Six Common Types of the Depressive Disorder


Generally speaking, there are quite many types of the depressive disorder, ranging from moderate to severe and most of us have experienced one kind or another at various points in our lives. The most common types of this disorder include:

1. Dysthymic Disorder - This condition is a chronic long-lasting form of depression showing many similarities with the major depressive disorder (in the form of the melancholic depression). As one of the two popular forms of clinical depression, it usually has fewer or less serious symptoms than the major depressive disorder but people suffering from this type of depression have a greater-than-average chance of developing MDD.

2. Major Depressive Disorder (clinical depression, major depression, unipolar depression, or unipolar disorder) - People suffering from major depression often report experiencing an all-encompassing low mood accompanied by low self-esteem, which permeates all facets of life, and an inability to experience pleasure in activities that were once enjoyed. Major depressive disorder is a grave illness that impacts an individual's family and personal relationships, work or school life, sleeping and eating habits, and general health. Its touch on functioning and wellbeing has been equated to that of chronic medical conditions such as diabetes. Depressed people may be preoccupied with, thoughts and feelings of worthlessness, improper guilt or regret, helplessness, hopelessness, and self-disgust. In severe cases, depressed people may have symptoms of psychosis. These symptoms include delusions or, less commonly, hallucinations, usually of an unpleasant nature. Other symptoms of depression include poor concentration and memory, detachment from social situations and activities, reduced sex drive, and thoughts of death or suicide. Insomnia is common among the depressed. Hypersomnia, or oversleeping, can also happen. Appetite often decreases, with resulting weight loss, although increased appetite and weight gain occasionally occur.

3. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), also known as winter depression or winter blues, is a mood disorder in which individuals who have normal mental health throughout most of the year go through depressive symptoms in the winter or, less often, in the summertime, spring or fall, repeatedly, year after year. Those who experience SAD pass through a depressed mood, somnolence, gain in weight and a craving for sugars during wintertime. SAD is not a singular mood disorder, but is "a specifier of major depressive disorder". There are many distinct treatments for standard (winter-based) seasonal affective disorder, including light therapy with sunlight or bright lights, antidepressant drug medication, cognitive-behavioral therapy, ionized-air therapy, and carefully timed administration of the hormone melatonin.

4. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a condition indicating serious premenstrual distress with assorted impairment in normal functioning. PMDD is defined by depressed or unstable mood, anxiety, irritability, anger, and additional symptoms taking place solely during the 2 weeks preceding menstruum. Many women go through some of these symptoms in variable degrees, but those who are diagnosed with PDD experience rather severe symptoms.

5. Bipolar disorder (bipolar affective disorder or manic depression) is a condition that depicts a category of mood disorders defined by the presence of one or more sequences of abnormally raised energy levels, cognition, and temper. These moods are typically referred to as mania or, if lighter, hypomania. People who go through manic episodes also usually experience depressive episodes or symptoms, or merged episodes in which facets of both manic disorder and depressive disorder are present at the same time. These episodes are commonly divided by periods of normal mood, but in some individuals, depressive disorder and manic disorder may rapidly take turns, acknowledged as rapid cycling. Intense manic episodes can occasionally lead to psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations.

6. Postpartum depressive disorder (postnatal depressive disorder) - This type of the clinical depression, usually known as the "baby blues", occurs in mothers who have recently given birth. Among men, especially in new fathers, the relative incidence of postnatal depressive disorder has been approximated to be between 1% and 25%. Postnatal depressive disorder occurs in women after they have carried a baby, typically in the first couple of months. Symptoms include sorrow, tiredness, insomnia, lowered libido, weeping episodes, anxiety, and bad temper. It's occasionally presumed that postpartum depressive disorder is caused by a deficiency in vitamins, but reports tend to show that more likely causes are the substantial changes in a woman's hormones during pregnancy. Then again, studies show that hormonal treatment has not helped postnatal depressive disorder victims. Many women convalesce due to requesting help from a support group or professional counseling.

These forms of the depressive disorder may carry many aspects that address each individual in a certain unique way and may also get worse over time if they are not given the proper amount of importance. If you think you are going through one of these types of the depressive disorder mentioned above you should also consider seeking professional medical advice as early on in order to recenter yourself and avoid such a terrible condition.

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2012年7月25日 星期三

Depression - Diagnosis and Types of 3 Depressive Disorders


Depressive disorders are a health related disease that involves the mind and human body. Depression or any major depressive disorder may be defined as clinical depression. Depression affects how you experience, think and respond. A depressive disorder can lead to an assortment of mental and physical problems. You may have problems doing normal day-to-day routines, and depression may make you feel as if living isn't worth living. Many people close to depressed individuals fail to recognize the severity and intensity that one's depressive state can bring.

There tend to be numerous distinct types of depression. Usually they are recognized by way of their commonplace characteristics, length and degree of signs and symptoms. The majority of these types of varieties of depression are defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), an American Psychiatric Association publication which identifies the standard criteria for different types of psychiatric disorders.

Below are the 3 major types of Depressive Disorders

Major Depression- This type of depression is also known as a major depressive disorder. The occurrence occurs with signs or symptoms which continue for most of the day, practically just about every day for at minimum two weeks. A major indicator is depressed feelings and/or a noticeable decline in interest or enjoyment in all or most activities.

One looking for signs to confirm diagnosis should look for 4 more symptoms.

• difficulty sleeping or increase in sleeping

• fatigue or loss of energy

• difficulty concentrating and making decisions

• thoughts of death or suicide

• feelings of guilt, worthlessness, and low self-esteem

Dysthymia - This depressive disorder is also known as Dysthymic Disorder. An individual exhibiting signs of this disorder will have a consistent depressed mood for at least two years. This disorder is a chronic condition characterized by depressive symptoms that occur for most of the day, more days than not, for at least 2 years. It is similar to Major Depression but not as severe. Often, the disorder will progress to Major Depression. Look for some of these signs below.

• Change in eating habits, normally a decrease or increase in eating

• Change in sleeping habits such as increased or decreased sleeping.

• Self esteem which has been lowered accompanied by feelings of hopelessness.

• Difficulty concentrating or making decisions

Manic Depression - This kind of depression is a serious bipolar disorder where the individual feelings revolve around mania (excitement) and depression. Sometimes the person may manifest their feelings entirely in one mood. At other times, the feelings cycle between manic and depressive states. Sometimes the person has delusional thoughts. Look for 3 or 4 of these symptoms below.

• More extroverted than usual or excited and more talkative

• Reduction in sleeping

• Increased self-esteem or self-importance

• More distracted or less focused

• Engagement in behavior that is pleasurable to the individual but considered risky for normal behavior (over spending, over eating, gambling)




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2012年7月20日 星期五

Different Types Of Major Depression Treatment


What is the most effective major depression treatment? First, you have to know what causes a major depression. Next, learn about the treatments available for you. Afterwards, you have to decide which among the treatment options will help you best.

What is depression, anyway?

Depression is thought to be a product of both psychological and biological processes in a person's being. Stress is a vital factor in the first two episodes of depression. It is the trigger that starts the feeling of depression and it continuously feeds this until such time that depression has developed into a major stage. During the major stage, stress is no longer a factor. Genetics and temperament take the place of stress during the advanced stages of depression.

Feelings of depression are normal if they don't disrupt a person's daily activities and the depression cycle does not last more than a few days. Weeks of depression is considered as a mild form of depression that may progress to something serious, such as a unipolar depression, bipolar or manic-depressive depression or worse, psychotic depression.

Now that you know what causes major depression, you will have to take a look at the different major depression treatments available to understand how they work and if they will work for you.

The major depression treatments described here can be categorized to fall under two major options. The first is the psychosocial therapies; the second, the medical therapies option. Psychosocial therapies include Interpersonal Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Psychoanalytically Oriented Therapy. Medical therapies include hospitalization and administration of antidepressant medications.

These are the various types of psychosocial therapies:

Interpersonal Therapy

Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) is gaining popularity in the psychosocial therapies arena. It is a major depression treatment that highlights the importance of correcting present social dysfunction. It is a short-term psychotherapy lasting for about twelve to sixteen weeks. IPT focuses on present psychological problems that cause interference with social relationships.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is a type of major depression treatment that deals with the pessimistic attitude of a person that leads to the feeling of depression. The theory behind this kind of therapy is that the person feels too much self-criticism and rejection. This promotes the feeling of depression and causes the person to isolate himself from the crowd, creating loneliness and more depression.

Cognitive behavioral therapy works to remove the negative thoughts a person has for himself. One method associated with it is providing take home activities that aims to break the habit of negative thinking.

Psychoanalytically Oriented Therapy

Psychoanalytically Oriented Therapy is a long and expensive mode of treating depression. The good thing about it is that it tackles the very cause of depression, digging deep into the person's thoughts in order to find out what made the person become angry with himself.

This depression treatment works in contrast with the first two types that deal with the present. Psychoanalytically Oriented Therapy works with the person's past. This kind of treatment can last up to several years, having to visit the therapist on a periodic basis.

Following are the medical therapies:

Hospitalization

Hospitalization is needed for major depression treatment under circumstances that are considered emergency. When we say emergency, it means that there is a risk of a person committing suicide or even homicide. The person becomes unable to handle his own basic necessities, such as food, shelter and clothing. It is also recommended when medical diagnostic procedure is necessary.

Antidepressant Medications

Antidepressant medications are another major depression treatment. There is still some controversy as to whether this kind of treatment can provide more benefits or injuries. This type of major depression treatment needs to be studied carefully. Most anti depression medicines have side effects that may be hard for a person to bear. Close medical assistance is needed while the person is under antidepressant medication.

All the above-mentioned major depression treatments have been effective in relieving the depression symptoms and helping a patient get back into the track. The depressed person or the family of a depressed person will have to decide which among these types will provide wellness for the patient.




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